A surgical procedure used for the treatment of prostate cancers that have not spread outside the prostate. The surgeon will remove the prostate in addition to surrounding tissue and possibly lymph nodes. Complications from surgery include the inability to have an erection, or impotence, which may be permanent, or bladder control problems. There are typically two approaches: Retropublic: abdominal incision Perineal: incision through the tissue between the scrotum and the anus Laproscopic/da Vinci robotic: multiple small incisions and a camera utilizing robotic assistance